منابع مشابه
Collective credit allocation in science
Collaboration among researchers is an essential component of the modern scientific enterprise, playing a particularly important role in multidisciplinary research. However, we continue to wrestle with allocating credit to the coauthors of publications with multiple authors, because the relative contribution of each author is difficult to determine. At the same time, the scientific community run...
متن کاملHierarchical Credit Allocation in a Classifier System
Learning systems which engage in sequential activity face the problem of properly allocating credit to steps or actions which make possible later steps that result in environmental payoff. In the classifier systems studied by Holland and others, credit is allocated by means of a "bucketbrigade" algorithm through which, over time, environmental payoff in effect Bows back to classifiers which tak...
متن کاملComputing Science Collective Wisdom
This reprint is provided for personal and noncommercial use. For any other use, please send a request to Permissions,
متن کاملCollective allocation of science funding: from funding agencies to scientific agency
Public agencies like the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) award tens of billions of dollars in annual science funding. How can this money be distributed as efficiently as possible to best promote scientific innovation and productivity? The present system relies primarily on peer review of project proposals. In 2010 alone, NSF convened more than ...
متن کاملStochastic Sensitivity Study for Optimal Credit allocation
In this paper we present the detail computations involved in [2]. First we propose a quick presentation of the methodology developed by Bouleau (see [5]). Then, we apply this method to the problem of optimal credit allocation problem.
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401992111